Antimicrobial Properties of Deep-Sea Water towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Authors

  • Govinraj Ravi Chandran Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Daniel Joe Dailin Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Hesham Ali El-Ensashy Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Mustafa Man Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
  • Zehra Edis Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
  • Widya Fatriasari Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetics, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
  • Nur Izyan Wan Azelee Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/bioprocessing.v2n1.22

Keywords:

deep sea water, cosmetics, antimicrobial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

With the quick commercial expansion, demand for cosmetics made with natural materials has been rising steadily over time. A potential replacement that is substantially safer than the chemical ingredients would be a deep-sea water (DSW) based cosmetic that mostly consists of organic and biomaterial elements. This research attempts to demonstrate that DSW can be a good alternative to chemical cosmetics by examining its antibacterial capabilities. The antibacterial properties of DSW were ascertained using the well diffusion method and the Mueller Hinton Agar plate technique. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, two of the most prevalent bacteria on human skin, were used in the antimicrobial tests. The hollow zones that were produced as a result of the inhibition zones were assessed to demonstrate their potential as a replacement for numerous chemical-based products. This study will serve as a foundation for the widespread use of DSW, which promises to be a safe and sustainable ingredient, in future cosmetics.

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Published

2023-06-29

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): June 2023

Section

Articles